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( Umayyad Empire)
 Flag The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic,??? ???? ) (Banu Umayyah), whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph, was the first dynasty of the Muslim Caliphate, 660–750. The Umayyad Arab Caliphate is historically the sixth largest empire, the third largest contiguous empire and the third largest empire by percentage of world population (29.5%). Damascus was the capital. According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and the Islamic Prophet Muhammad both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai. Muhammad descended from Abd Munaf via his son Hashim, while the Umayyads descended from Abd Munaf via a different son, Abd-Shams, whose son was Umayya. The two families are therefore considered to be different clans (those of Hashim and of Umayya, respectively) of the same tribe (that of the Quraish).
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