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( Two Chinas)
The term Two Chinas (traditional Chinese ????; simplified Chinese ????; pinyin liang gè Zhongguó) currently refers to the two states with "China" in their titles[1] In 1912, Xuantong Emperor abdicated as a result of the Xinhai Revolution and the Republic of China was established by revolutionists led by Dr Sun Yat-sen. From 1912 to 1949, China was scarred by wars between warlords, WWII, Japanese invasion and the Chinese Civil War. As the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, Communist Party of China took control of Mainland China and founded the People's Republic of China. The Government of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan in the same year. Though fighting continued for the next several years, by the time of the Korean War the lines of control were sharply drawn the Communist-led People's Republic of China government in Beijing controlled most of mainland China, while the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government, now in Taipei, controlled the island of Taiwan, some surrounding islands, and a number of islands off the coast of Fujian. This stale-mate was enforced with the assistance of the United States government which began deterring an invasion of Taiwan after the start of the Korean War. For many years, both governments contended to be the sole legitimate government of China. With the fighting largely over, the major battleground became the diplomatic. Before the 1970s, few foreign governments recognised the People's Republic of China. The first governments to recognise it as the government of China were Soviet bloc countries, members of the non-aligned movement, and the United Kingdom (1950). The catalyst to change came in 1971, when the United Nations General Assembly expelled representatives of the Chiang Kai-shek by refusing to recognise their accreditations as representatives of China. Recognition for the People's Republic of China soon followed from most other governments, including the United States. The Republic of China continued to compete with the People's Republic of China to be recognised as the legitimate government of China.
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