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( Traumatic brain injury) Traumatic brain injury (TBI, also called intracranial injury) occurs when physical trauma injures the brain. TBI can be classified based on severity (mild, moderate, or severe), mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury), or other features (e.g. occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area). Head injury usually refers to TBI, but is a broader category because it can involve damage to structures other than the brain, such as the scalp and skull.

TBI is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, especially in young people. Causes include falls, vehicle accidents, and violence. Prevention measures include use of technology to protect those who are in accidents, such as seat belts and sports or motorcycle helmets, as well as efforts to reduce the number of accidents, such as safety education programs and enforcement of traffic laws.

Brain trauma can be caused by a direct impact or by acceleration alone. In addition to the damage caused at the moment of injury, brain trauma causes secondary injury, a variety of events that take place in the minutes and days following the injury. These processes, which include alterations in cerebral blood flow and the pressure within the skull, contribute substantially to the damage from the initial injury. This presents the opportunity to discover new treatments that limit damage by interfering with these cascades.

Head injury and its effects have been known since before recorded history, but it was the 20th&_160;century that saw critical developments in diagnosis and treatment which have decreased death rates and improved outcome. These include imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, used for confirmation of brain injury. Depending on the injury, treatment required may be minimal or may include interventions such as medications and emergency surgery. Physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy may be employed for rehabilitation. TBI can cause a host of physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects, and outcome can range from complete recovery to permanent disability or death.

Traumatic brain injury Subcategories Brain Health - Mental Health > > Traumatic brain injury Articles Helmets May Increase Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Soldiers Following IED by Peter Kent Helmets May Increase Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Soldiers Following IED Explosions Recently, the American Institute of Physics reported a grave new discovery that U.S. soldier helmets may be acting as "focusing mechanisms" during improv... Scientists Discover Restoration of Muscle Function Following Injury With by Peter Kent Scientists Discover Restoration of Muscle Function Following Injury With Embryonic Stem Cells Individuals who have suffered from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and who have developed nerve damage or motor neuron conditions may be able to r... Fatal Brain Injury may Be Caused by Viral Meningitis by Peter Kent Fatal Brain Injury may Be Caused by Viral Meningitis A recent issue of the science journal Nature described a paradigm shift among lethal infections that may be "ravaging the brain" and causing the development of serious traumatic brain in... Medical Journal Reports on TBI Therapy That May Improve Cognitive Recovery by Peter Kent Medical Journal Reports on TBI Therapy That May Improve Cognitive Recovery In an October 2008 issue of Neurosurgery scientists revealed that a new treatment known as Oxycyte may “improve cognitive recovery” and have protective effects on t... Study Finds Victims of TBI and Depression Show Signs of Remission With Treatment by Peter Kent Study Finds Victims of TBI and Depression Show Signs of Remission With Treatment A study published in the November 2008 issue of the Journal of Psychopharmacology recently discovered that anti-depressants among California Car Accidents Result in Brain Injuries by W haines California is one of the most populated States and is known for its traffic problems. The number of auto accidents on the road can be overwhelming. The NHTSA reported that there were 5,987,000 non fatal car accidents in 2007; 2,491,000 of those car ... Medical Journal Finds Jaundice Treatment Decreases TBI Among Infants by Peter Kent Medical Journal Finds Jaundice Treatment Decreases TBI Among Infants The New England Journal of Medicine recently reported in its October issue that if an infant is given an aggressive jaundice treatment early on, that infant will be ... Scientists Study Simple Polymer Treatments for TBI Patients by Peter Kent Scientists Study Simple Polymer Treatments for TBI Patients A recent issue of The Journal of Biological Engineering highlighted the work of two scientists from Purdue University who have been studying the effects of a simple polymer o... Traumatic and Nontraumatic Brain Injuries by Dr. A. R. Scopelliti Many patients that we see have seemingly bizarre symptoms that they have been living with for long periods of time, resultant to changes in the way their brain is functioning. These neurologic findings are sometimes attributable to post-concussive s... Sports Injuries May Cause Increase in Traumatic Brain Injuries by Peter Kent Sports Injuries May Cause Increase in Traumatic Brain Injuries Professional athletes are paid to win, to entertain, to train and, at times, to endure the brunt of much physical abuse because of their profession. However, several recen...