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( Tianjin)
 Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese ??; pinyin Tianjin; Postal map spelling Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government. Its urban area is the third largest in China, ranked only after Beijing and Shanghai. Tianjin's urban area is located along the , a canal. Its ports, some distance away, are located on Bohai Gulf in the Pacific Ocean. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang era. The municipality now incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai and the Techonology and ecomnomic developing area, also know as TEDA. Tianjin Municipality borders Hebei province to the north, south, and west; Chinese capital Beijing is to the northwest, and Bohai Gulf to the east. The land where Tianjin lies today was created in historical times by sedimentation of various rivers entering the sea at bay area of Bohai (???), including the Yellow River, which entered the sea in this area at one point. The opening of the Grand Canal of China during the Sui Dynasty prompted the development of Tianjin into a trading center. Until 1404, Tianjin was called "Zhigu" (??), or "Straight Port". In that year, the Emperor Yong le renamed the city Tianjin, literally means "the Heavenly Ford", to indicate that the Emperor (son of heaven) forded the river at that point. This is because he had indeed forded the river in Tianjin while on a campaign to scramble for the throne from his nephew. Later on, a fort was established in Tianjin, known as "Tianjin Wei" (simplified Chinese ???; traditional Chinese ???; pinyin Tianjinwèi), the Fort of Tianjin.
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