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( Thermodynamic temperature)
Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic temperature is an “absolute” scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature its null or zero point, absolute zero, is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter have minimal motion and can be no colder.&_160;
Temperature&_160;arises from the random submicroscopic vibrations of the particle constituents of matter. These motions comprise the kinetic energy in a substance. More specifically, the thermodynamic temperature of any bulk quantity of matter is the measure of the average kinetic energy of a certain kind of vibrational motion of its constituent particles called translational motions. Translational motions are ordinary, whole-body movements in three-dimensional space whereby particles move about and exchange energy in collisions. Fig.&_160;1 at right shows translational motion in gases; Fig.&_160;4 below shows translational motion in solids. Thermodynamic temperature’s null point, absolute zero, is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter are as close as possible to complete rest; that is, they have minimal motion, retaining only quantum mechanical motion.[1] Zero kinetic energy remains in a substance at absolute zero (see Heat energy at absolute zero, below). Throughout&_160;the scientific world where measurements are made in SI units, thermodynamic temperature is measured in kelvins (symbol&_160;K). Many engineering fields in the U.S. however, measure thermodynamic temperature using the Rankine scale. By international agreement, the&_160;unit “kelvin” and its scale are defined by two points absolute zero, and the triple point of Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (water with a specified blend of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes). Absolute zero—the coldest possible temperature—is defined as being precisely 0&_160;K and -273.15&_160;°C. The triple point of water is defined as being precisely 273.16&_160;K and 0.01&_160;°C. This definition does three things
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