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( Thermodynamic process)
A thermodynamic process may be defined as the energetic evolution of a thermodynamic system proceeding from an initial state to a final state. Paths through the space of thermodynamic variables are often specified by holding certain thermodynamic variables constant. It is useful to group these processes into pairs, in which each variable held constant is one member of a conjugate pair. The pressure-volume conjugate pair is concerned with the transfer of mechanical or dynamic energy as the result of work. The temperature-entropy conjugate pair is concerned with the transfer of thermal energy as the result of heating. The above have all implicitly assumed that the boundaries are also impermeable to particles. We may assume boundaries that are both rigid and thermally insulating, but are permeable to one or more types of particle. Similar considerations then hold for the (chemical potential)-(particle number) conjugate pairs.
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