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( Temporal logic)
In logic, the term temporal logic is used to describe any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time. It is sometimes also used to refer to tense logic, a particular modal logic-based system of temporal logic introduced by Arthur Prior in the 1960s. Subsequently it has been developed further by computer scientists, notably Amir Pnueli, and logicians. Although Aristotle's logic is almost entirely concerned with the theory of the categorical syllogism, there are passages in his work that are now seen as anticipations of temporal logic, and may imply an early, partially-developed form of first-order temporal modal binary logic. The first formal system of temporal modal logic was founded by Avicenna, whose Avicennian logic[1] was further developed by Najm al-Din al-Qazwini al-Katibi and became the dominant system of Islamic logic until modern times.[2][3] Avicennian logic also influenced several early European logicians such as Albertus Magnus[4] and William of Ockham.[5][6] Among classical logic theories, logic which uses the existential quantifier or the universal quantifier is said to be a predicate logic. Any logic which views time as a sequence of states is a temporal logic, and any logic which uses only two truth values is a binary logic. Consider the statement "I am hungry." Though its meaning is constant in time, the truth value of the statement can vary in time. Sometimes the statement is true, and sometimes the statement is false, but the statement is never true and false simultaneously. In a temporal logic, statements can have a truth value which can vary in time. Contrast this with an atemporal logic, which can only discuss statements whose truth value is constant in time. In a temporal logic we can then express statements like "I am always hungry", "I will eventually be hungry", or "I will be hungry until I eat something".
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