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( Tax revenue)
Tax revenue is the income that is gained by governments because of taxation of the people. Just as there are different types of tax, the form in which tax revenue is collected also differs; furthermore, the agency that collects the tax may not be part of central government, but may be an alternative third-party licenced to collect tax which they themselves will use. For example Tax revenues on purchases can come from two forms 'tax' itself is a percentage of the price added to the purchase (such as sales tax in US states, or VAT in the UK), while 'duty' is a fixed amount added to the purchase price (such as is commonly found on cigarettes). In order to calculate the total tax raised from these sales, we must work out the effective tax rate multiplied by the quantity supplied. The effect of a change in taxation level on total tax revenue depends on the good being investigated, and in particular on its price elasticity of demand. Where goods have a low elasticity of demand (they are price inelastic), an increase in tax or duty will lead to a small decrease in demand - not enough to offset the higher tax raised from each unit. Overall tax revenue will therefore rise. Conversely, for goods which are price elastic, an increase in tax rate or duty would lead to a fall in tax revenue.
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