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( Sun Yat Sen)
Sun Yat-sen (pinyin Sun Yìxian) (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Republican China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation. Sun played an instrumental role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in October 1911, the last imperial dynasty of China. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China (ROC) was founded in 1912 and later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party consolidate its power over the country. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the Communists, split into two factions after his death. Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (The People's Relation/Connection, The People's Power and People's Livelihood/Welfare, or sometimes known as nationalism/sovereignty, democracy, and socialism/populism/livelihood depending on the translation). The birth name of Sun Yat-sen was Sun Wen (Sun Wén, ??) and official name was Sun Deming (Sun Démíng, ???). During childhood, he had the child name Dixiang (Dìxiàng, ??). The courtesy name of Sun Yat-sen was Zaizhi (Zàizhi, ??), and his literary name was Rixin (Rìxin, ??), later Yixian (Yat-sen, ??). He was also frequently called by the name Sun Zhongshan (???).[2] Sun Yat-sen was born on 12 November 1866 to a Hakka family in the village of Cuiheng, Xiangshan (later Zhongshan) county, Guangzhou prefecture, Guangdong province (26&_160;km or 16 miles north of Macau).
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