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( Soviet Union) ²Assigned on September 19, 1990, existing onwards.
³The governments of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania view themselves as continuous and unrelated to the respective Soviet republics.
Russia views the Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian SSRs as legal constituent republics of the USSR and predecessors of the modern Baltic states.
The Government of the United States and a number of other countries did not recognize the invasion of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the USSR as legal inclusion.

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, Russian ???? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik IPA&_160;[s?'jus s?'v?e?k??x s????l??'st?i??sk??x r??s'publ??k]&_160; ( listen), abbreviated ????, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union (Russian ????????? ????, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz) or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.^[1]

The Soviet Union had a single-party political system dominated by the Communist Party.^[2] Although the USSR was nominally a union of Soviet republics (of which there were 15 after 1956) with the capital in Moscow, it was in actuality a highly centralized state with a planned economy. Much of Soviet society was overseen by national security agencies such as the KGB (which was active from 1954.)^[3]

The Soviet Union was founded in December 1922 when the Russian SFSR, which formed during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and emerged victorious in the ensuing Russian Civil War, unified with the Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Belorussian SSRs. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, the first Soviet leader, power was eventually consolidated by Joseph Stalin,^[4] who led the country through a large-scale industrialization with command economy and political repression.^[4][5] During World War II, in June 1941, the Soviet Union was attacked by Germany, a country it had signed a non-aggression pact with. After four years of warfare, the Soviet Union emerged as one of the world's two superpowers, extending its influence into much of Eastern Europe and beyond.

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