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( Sinae)
In China, common names for China include "Zhonghua" (??/??) and "Zhongguo" (??/??) , while "Han" (?/?) and "Tang" (?) are common names given for the Chinese ethnicity. Other names include Huaxia, Shenzhou and Jiuzhou. The People's Republic of China and Republic of China are official names given for the two sovereign states currently claiming sovereignty over the traditional area of China. "Mainland China" is used to refer to areas under the jurisdiction by the People's Republic of China usually excluding Hong Kong and Macau. In other parts of the world, many names of China exist, mainly transliterations of the dynasties "Qin" or "Jin" (e.g. China, Sino), and Han or Tang. There are also names for China based on a certain ethnic group other than Han, much like the Western rendering of all Arabs as "Saracens". Examples include "Cathay" based on the Khitan and "Tabgach" based on the Tuoba. In mainland China, the term Zhongguo is used to refer to all territories claimed by the PRC, including mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. By contrast, Han refers to the Han Chinese ethnic group, who are mostly concentrated in China proper, Manchuria, and only parts of the other three regions. There is no general Chinese term for just China proper, or just the territories inhabited by Han Chinese. China is called Zhongguó (also Romanized as Chung-kuo or Jhongguo) in Mandarin Chinese. The first character zhong (?) means "central" or "middle," while guó (?/?) means "kingdom" or "nation". The term can be literally translated into English as "Middle Kingdom" or "Central Kingdom."[1]
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