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( Russian Federal Space Agency)
The Russian Federal Space Agency (Russian ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? Federal'noe kosmicheskoe agentstvo Rossii, commonly known as "Roskosmos"), RKA, or RSA, formerly the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Russian ?????????? ??????????-??????????? ????????? Rossiyskoe aviatsionno-kosmicheskoe agentsvo, commonly known as "Rosaviakosmos"), is the government agency responsible for Russia's space science programme and general aerospace research. Roskosmos' headquarters are located in Moscow, main Mission Control space flight operations center ("????? ?????????? ???????", Tsentr Upravleniya Poletom, "???" TsUP ) is located in a town nearby known as Korolev and Cosmonauts Training Centre (GCTC) is in Star City. Launch facilities used are Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan (with most launches taking place there, both manned and unmanned) and Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia used primarily for unmanned flights of military designations. This agency was the first to place an artificial satellite on orbit and to launch a man into space, and one of its astronauts holds the record of permanence in space. Since his appointment as General Director in March, 2004, Anatoly Perminov has led Russia's efforts to consolidate its space program. The RKA was formed after the breakup of the former Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Soviet space program. The RKA uses the technology and launch sites that belonged to the former Soviet space program. The launch sites are located mostly in the country of Kazakhstan and are maintained and utilized in cooperation with the government of Kazakhstan. The RKA has centralized control of Russia's civilian space program, including all manned and unmanned non-military space flights.
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