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( Reza Shah)
Known as quite intelligent despite his lack of formal education, [3] Reza Shah introduced many socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances.[1] To his supporters his reign brought "law and order, discipline, central authority, and modern amenities - schools, trains, buses, radios, cinemas, and telephones".[4] However, his attempts of modernisation have been criticised for being "too fast"[5] and "superficial",[6] and his reign a time of "oppression, corruption, taxation, lack of authenticity" with "security typical of police states." [7] In the early stages of his life, Reza Shah was known as Reza Savad-Koohi, because of his birth place (see below). Later on, when he gained territory with his own army, he entitled himself Reza Khan, and later as Reza Khan Mirpanj (Persian ??? ??? ??????), his full military title at the time. Upon becoming minister of war, he was known as Reza Khan Sardar Sepah, which in Persian roughly means Reza Khan, head of the armed forces. Upon securing his position as the Shah of Persia, he chose the surname Pahlavi (surnames did not exist in Persia before this date, and were introduced as one of the modernization measures during his reign[8]). Reza Pahlavi was born in the village of Alasht in Savad Kooh county, Mazandaran in 1878. When Reza was sixteen years old, he joined the Persian Cossack Brigade, in which, years later, he would rise to the rank of Brigadier.
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