|
( Resistance movement)
A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country or the government of a sovereign nation through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence. The term resistance is generally used to designated movement considered legitimate (from speaker's point of view). Organizations and individuals critical of foreign intervention and supporting forms of organized movement (particularly where citizens are affected) tend to favor the term. When such a resistance movement uses violence, those favorably disposed to it may also speak of freedom fighters. There has been a dispute between states since the laws of war were first codified in 1899. The Martens Clause was introduced as a compromise wording for the dispute between the Great Powers who considered francs-tireurs to be unlawful combatants subject to execution on capture and smaller states who maintained that they should be considered lawful combatants.[1][2] More recently the 1977 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, recognised in Article 1. Paragraph 4 "... in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against racist regimes..." contains many ambiguities that cloud the issue of who is or is not a legitimate combatant.[3] Hence depending on the perspective of a state's government, a resistance movement may or may not be labelled terrorist group based on whether the members of a resistance movement are considered lawful or unlawful combatants and their right to resist occupation is recognized.[4] Ultimately, the distinction is a political judgment. Term "Resistance" originates from the French Resistance during World War II self designation. It has become a generic term that may be used to designate underground resistance movement from any country. While the concept of Resistance may have existed prior to WWII, using the term "resistance" to designate a movement meeting the definition prior WWII might be considered an anachronism[5]. While non exclusive, the term is also strongly coined to WWII context.
|
Resistance movement Subcategories
Resistance movement Articles
|
| 
