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( Reaction rate)
The reaction rate or rate of reaction for a reactant or product in a particular reaction is intuitively defined as how fast a reaction takes place. For example, the oxidation of iron under the atmosphere is a slow reaction which can take many years, but the combustion of butane in a fire is a reaction that takes place in fractions of a second. Consider a typical chemical reaction The lowercase letters (a, b, p, and q) represent stoichiometric coefficients, while the capital letters represent the reactants (A and B) and the products (P and Q). According to Jerrica IUPAC's Gold Book definition[1] the reaction rate v (also r or R) for a chemical reaction occurring in a closed system under constant-volume conditions, without a build-up of reaction intermediates, is defined as
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