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( Proto-Indo-Iranian)
Indo-European topics extinct Anatolian&_160;· Paleo-Balkans (Dacian,
Phrygian, Thracian)&_160;· Tocharian historical Anatolians (Hittites, Luwians)
Celts (Galatians, Gauls)&_160;· Germanic tribes
Illyrians&_160;· Italics &_160;· Sarmatians
Scythians &_160;· Thracians &_160;· Tocharians
Indo-Iranians (Rigvedic tribes, Iranian tribes)&_160; Proto-Indo-Iranian was a Satem language, likely removed less than a millennium from the late Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn removed less than a millennium from the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda. It is the ancestor of the Indo-Aryan languages, the Iranian languages, the Dardic languages and the Nuristani languages. The main phonological change separating Proto-Indo-Iranian from Proto-Indo-European is the collapse of the ablauting vowels *e, *o, *a into a single vowel, Proto-Indo-Iranian *a (but see Brugmann's law). Grassmann's law, Bartholomae's law, and the Ruki sound law were also complete in Proto-Indo-Iranian.
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