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( Oxygen) Oxygen (from the Greek roots ???? (oxys) (acid, literally "sharp," from the taste of acids) and -?e??? (-genes) (producer, literally begetter) is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, and is a highly reactive nonmetallic period 2 element that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with almost all other elements. At standard temperature and pressure two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas with the formula O₂. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen and helium^[1] and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust.^[2] Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.9% of the volume of air.^[3]

All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. Oxygen in the form of O₂ is produced from water by cyanobacteria, algae and plants during photosynthesis and is used in cellular respiration for all complex life. Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms, which were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O₂ began to accumulate in the atmosphere 2.5&_160;billion years ago.^[4] Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O₃), helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation with the high-altitude ozone layer, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog.

Oxygen was independently discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley is often given priority because his publication came out of print first. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier,^[5] whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion. Oxygen is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquefied air, use of zeolites to remove carbon dioxide and nitrogen from air, electrolysis of water and other means. Uses of oxygen include the production of steel, plastics and textiles; rocket propellant; oxygen therapy; and life support in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.

At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular formula O₂, in which the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other with a spin triplet electron configuration. This bond has a bond order of two, and is often simplified in description as a double bond^[6] or as a combination of one two-electron bond and two three-electron bonds.^[7]

Oxygen Subcategories Oxygen Articles Aerobics - How To Succeed 2 by peter radford Aerobic Exercise This refers to a particular form of exercise which can either help or even improve the consumption of oxygen by the body. The word Aerobic means "an association with oxygen", and involves the use of oxygen in the body's met... Defeat The Signs Of Aging by Paul Rodgers Assuming that everyone leaves their home, it becomes inevitable that we will on a daily basis become exposed to unavoidable environmental factors which can cause premature aging of the skin. Many of the same environmental insults that cause medical s... Facial Treatments Face Off! by Rebecca Hausen Freckles aren’t my friend. I don’t care if you call them angel kisses or fly specks (thanks dad), to me, freckles mean sun damaged skin. And for millions of women like me, summer’s end means severe sun damage, brown spot pigmentation and dry, fl... Oxygen a Key Ingredient to Weight Loss by Renie Rutten What does Oxygen have to do with Weight Loss? Oxygen chemically changes the foods and liquids we consume into energy. It contracts our muscles so we can move, repairs our cells, and keeps us alive and well. We are made up of cells; they keep ... To melt away the pounds - Introducing Slimdome by Ram Chandra The Slimdome utilizes Far Infrared (FIR) emissions to induce oil-based sweat from sebaceous glands, enabling users to shed up to 600 calories in a single 40-minutes session. Developed in Japan, this technology is available exclusively in the United ... The Best Way to Burn Calories by Yuri Elkaim One of the best ways to burn more calories in your workouts is simply to use more full body movements. The reason for this is simple. Your body burns 5 calories for every liter of oxygen it consumes and the more muscle required for a given movement... Healthy Heart by Bob Taylor Developing heart disease is a gradual, lifelong process. The heart is an amazing muscle and automatically adjusts its pace to meet the needs that the body demands of it. During heavy exercise it can speed up and deliver more oxygenated blood and wh... How To Stay Young - Go Naturally by George Kakaris Throughout history, human beings have always tried to slow down the process of getting old and conceal the signs of aging. Definitely, it would be lovely to stay young for the rest of our lives, to look strong and healthy. But, is this possible or ju... Oxygen Therapy - The New Buzz in the Beauty Industry by Livia Mercer You might have heard a lot about oxygen therapy in the media lately. It certainly has become the new buzz word in the industry. With celebrities such as Madonna, Heather Locklear, Donatella Versace and Gwen Stefani endorsing it and Madonna is even re... Customer Service in the Bottled Water Industry - Pure Water and the Customer Promise by Jon M. Stout Customer Service in the Bottled Water Industry Pure Water and the Customer Promise February 7, 2006 Almost every company discusses, at length, the need for customer service and the significance of supplying true excellence...