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( Northern Europe)
Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as including the following countries and dependent regions[1][2] Before the 19th century, the term 'Nordic' or 'Northern' was commonly used to mean Northern Europe in a sense that included the Nordic countries, European Russia, the Baltic countries (at that time Livonia and Courland) and Greenland. The United Kingdom and Ireland are sometimes considered part of Northern Europe, but could also be included in Western Europe. In earlier eras, when Europe was dominated by the Mediterranean region (i.e. the Roman Empire), everything not near this sea was termed Northern Europe, including Germany, the Low Countries, and Austria. This meaning is still used today in some contexts, such as in discussions of the Northern Renaissance. In medieval times, the term (Ultima) Thule was used to mean a mythical place in the extreme northern reaches of the continent. name="References_and_notes" id="References_and_notes">
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