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( Non-governmental organizations)
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by private organizations or people with no participation or representation of any government. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status insofar as it excludes government representatives from membership in the organization. The number of internationally operating NGOs is estimated at 40,000.[1] National numbers are even higher Russia has 277,000 NGOs.[2] India is estimated to have between 1 million and 2 million NGOs.[3] International non-governmental organizations have a history dating back to at least 1914, where there were 1083 NGO's.[4] They were important in the anti-slavery movement and the movement for women's suffrage, and reached a peak at the time of the World Disarmament Conference.[5] However, the phrase "non-governmental organization" only came into popular use with the establishment of the United Nations Organization in 1945 with provisions in Article 71 of Chapter 10 of the United Nations Charter[6] for a consultative role for organizations which are neither governments nor member states – see Consultative Status. The definition of "international NGO" (INGO) is first given in resolution 288 (X) of ECOSOC on February 27, 1950 it is defined as "any international organization that is not founded by an international treaty". The vital role of NGOs and other "major groups" in sustainable development was recognised in Chapter 27[7] of Agenda 21, leading to intense arrangements for a consultative relationship between the United Nations and non-governmental organizations.[8] Apart from 'NGO' often alternative terms are used as for example independent sector, volunteer sector, civil society, grassroots organisations, transnational social movement organisations, private voluntary organisations, self-help organisations and non-state actors (NSA's).
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Non-governmental organizations Articles
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