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( Nanjing)
Nanjing&_160;(help·info) (Chinese ??; Romanizations Nánjing (Pinyin), Nan-ching (Wade-Giles), Nanking (Postal map spelling)) is the capital of China's Jiangsu Province, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture. Nanjing (literally 'Southern capital') served as the capital of China during several historical periods, including as the former capital city of Republic of China, and is listed as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has always been one of China's most important cities. Apart from having been the capital of China for six dynasties and of the Republic of China, Nanjing has also served as a national hub of education, research, transportation and tourism throughout history. With an urban population of over five million, it is also the second largest commercial center in the East China region, after Shanghai. Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598&_160;square kilometers (2,547.5&_160;sq&_160;mi), is situated in one of the largest economic zones of China, the Yangtze River Delta, which is part of the downstream Yangtze River drainage basin. The Yangtze River flows past the west side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is 300&_160;kilometers (186&_160;mi) west of Shanghai, 1,200&_160;kilometers (746&_160;mi) south of Beijing, and 1,400&_160;kilometers (870&_160;mi) east of Chongqing. Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate and is under the influence of the East Asia Monsoon. Seasons are distinct in Nanjing, with usually hot summers and plenty of rainfall throughout the year. Along with Wuhan and Chongqing, Nanjing is often referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River (????????) for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime.[1] The average temperature during the year is 16&_160;°C (61&_160;°F). The average high temperature in January is 7&_160;°C (45&_160;°F) while the average low is -1&_160;°C (30.2&_160;°F); the average high in July is 32&_160;°C (90&_160;°F) with an average low of 25&_160;°C (77&_160;°F).[2] The highest recorded temperature is 43&_160;°C (109&_160;°F) (July 13, 1934), and the lowest -16.9&_160;°C (2&_160;°F) (Jan 6, 1955). On average it rains 117 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,106.5&_160;millimetres (43.6&_160;in). The time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom Meiyu season, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness.
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