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( Montenegro)
Montenegro (/m?nt?'ne?gro?/&_160;(help·info) or /m?nt?'ni?gro?/), Montenegrin/Serbian ???? ????, Crna Gora (pronounced ['t?sr?na? 'g?ra], listen&_160;(help·info)), Albanian Mali i Zi (['mali i 'zi])) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south and borders Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the north and east, the disputed entity of Kosovo to the north and east, and Albania to the south. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (????????????), meaning the former Royal Capital City.[4]. Montenegro is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of Europe and Montenegro is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. It is also a potential candidate for membership in the European Union and NATO. A sovereign principality since the Late Middle Ages,[5] Montenegro saw its independence from the Ottoman Empire formally recognized in 1878. From 1918, it was a part of various incarnations of Yugoslavia. On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June. On 28 June 2006, it became the 192nd member state of the United Nations,[6] and on 11 May 2007 the 47th member state of the Council of Europe.[7] On 15 December 2008, Montenegro presented its official application to the European Union, with the hopes of gaining EU candidate status by 2009.[8] Montenegro's native name, Crna Gora ("Black Mountain"), is mentioned for the first time in 1276 by Serbian King Stefan Uroš I (1243-1276) in his edicts to the Serbian Orthodox Zeta Episcopate seat at the Vranjina island in Lake Skadar.[9] The origin of the term lies in the Slavic reference to excessively mountainous regions, often emerging in the medieval Serbian realm. Mentioned afterwards in most House of Nemanjic's edicts and in subsequent Venetian sources in the 13th and 14th centuries, signifying the area of the Upper Zeta, the name stabilized itself for a Principality in the second half of the 15th century under Lord Ivan Crnojevic, mostly confounding erroneously the term with the dynasty's name, which both have similar roots. The region itself became remembered as Old Montenegro (????? ???? ????/Stara Crna Gora) as by the 19th century the The Highlands were added to the state, and Montenegro further increased its size several times by the 20th century during wars against the Ottomans, expanding its name to and annexing Old Herzegovina and parts of Old Serbia, most notably Metohija and southern Rashka. The state changed little to modern day reference, losing Metohija (western Kosovo) and gaining the Bay of Kotor. The name of the region gave the name to its people, the Montenegrins (?????????/Crnogorci).
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