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( Luoyang)
Luoyang (simplified Chinese ??; traditional Chinese ??; pinyin Luòyáng) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast. Situated on the central plain of China, one of the cradles of the Chinese civilization, Luoyang was one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. The origin of the name "Luoyang" is the city's location to the north of the Luo River. The river flows from west to east and the sun is on south of the river, so that the sun shine is always on north side of the river — that is an very old style naming way in China. Luoyang has had several names over the centuries, including "Luoyi" (??) and "Luozhou (??)", though Luoyang has been its primary name. It has been called, during various periods, "Dongdu" (??, meaning the Eastern Capital, during the Tang Dynasty), "Xijing" (??, meaning the West Capital, during the Song Dynasty), or "Jingluo" (??, meaning the general capital for China). Before the city of Luoyang was established, several ancient cities existed in the vicinity of Luoyang. In 2070 BC, the Xia Dynasty king Tai Kang moved the Xia capital to the intersection of Luo river and Yi River and named the city Zhenxun (??). In 16th Century BC, King Tang of Shang defeated Jie, the last king of Xia Dynasty, and made their capital in Western Hao (??), which was located in Shixianggou of modern-day Yanshi County of Luoyang City.
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