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( Logic) Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and inference. Logic is a branch of philosophy, a part of the classical trivium of grammar, logic, and rhetoric. The word derives from Greek ?????? (logike), fem. of ??????? (logikos), "possessed of reason, intellectual, dialectical, argumentative", from ????? logos, "word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle".^[1][2] Logic concerns the structure of statements and arguments, in formal systems of inference and natural language. Topics include validity, fallacies and paradoxes, reasoning using probability and arguments involving causality. Logic is also commonly used today in argumentation theory.^[3]

The syllogistic logic developed by Aristotle predominated until the mid-nineteenth century when interest in the foundations of mathematics stimulated the development of symbolic logic (now called mathematical logic). In 1879 Frege published Begriffsschrift which inaugurated modern logic with the invention of quantifier notation. In 1903 Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell published Principia Mathematica.^[4] on the foundations of mathematics, attempting to derive mathematical truths from axioms and inference rules in symbolic logic. In 1931 Gödel raised serious problems with the foundationalist program and logic ceased to focus on such issues.

The development of logic since Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein had a profound influence on the practice of philosophy and the perceived nature of philosophical problems (see Analytic philosophy), and Philosophy of mathematics. Logic, especially sentential logic, is implemented in computer logic circuits and is fundamental to computer science. Logic is commonly taught by university philosophy departments often as a compulsory discipline.

Form is central to logic. It complicates exposition that 'formal' in "formal logic" is commonly used in an ambiguous manner. Symbolic logic is just one kind of formal logic, and is distinguished from another kind of formal logic, traditional Aristotelian syllogistic logic, which deals solely with categorical propositions.

Logic Subcategories Logic Articles Music Helps with Neurological Development for Brain Injury Patients by Peter Kent Music Helps with Neurological Development for Brain Injury Patients A study recently published in an August edition of Medical Hypotheses found that music therapy can benefit patients with neuropsyhciatric disorders often caused by a ... Skin Care for Beautiful Ageless Skin by Solavie Ventures You love New York, but your face finds it fierce. You adore Aspen, but the air is too thin for skin. You’re mad about Martinique, but your hair hates the humidity. Traditional washes, lotions, shampoos and conditioners may be too heavy in the... Show Off Your Gorgeous Eyes by prasanna moorthy Eyes are the most beautiful part of your body, every single blink and movement speaks thousand words. Here at PlanetBeauty.com we offer a complete make up that will include eyeliners, mascaras and eye shadows to make your eyes speak! Today it is very... Technological Advances in the Field of Dentistry by Robert Melkonyan To the casual observer it may appear as though is nothing has changed throughout the years in the field of Dentistry however, it is not true. In the past few decades technology has made it possible and more convenient for dentist and for people to a... Grooming and Hair Removal Tips for Men by Jishnu Raj A man’s hair is one of the first things lots of women notice. Hence you need to have a stylish neat haircut; it doesn’t mean having an expensive haircut with weed-like hairs sprouting out of your t-shirt collar. Grooming and hair removal doesn’t stop... This Is A Common Neurological Disease by Brenda Van Niekerk ... PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH NEWS PERTAINING TO WEIGHT LOSS by christy horsfield ANOTHER STUPID FAD DIET Fad diets are now so numerous that when the latest is introduced, the media must whack the scepticism up to maximum to have any hope of people reading past the first sentence. And yet, they will write a safe few paragr... Tips on Getting a Clean Shave by John David All men know that shaving your face is an essential part of being a male. Actually there is more a man should know when it comes to shaving; there are many factors that need to be considered as shaving plays a vital role in maintaining good healthy l... A Hypnotherapist's Casebook. by Brian Green These articles were originally first published as a column in L.A. Health Magazine. Casebook. No 1. Hypnotherapy for Healing. A little over ten years ago I was between jobs. I had been working in Psych... Having Trouble with Weight Loss? 3 Psychological Themes That May Be Keeping You Fat by Gary Avignon “I know what to do, I just don’t do it.” You may be among the thousands, maybe even millions of individuals, who utter these words constantly. You diet. You lose weight. And yet, here you sit, perhaps heavier than you’ve ever been. You’re fr...