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( Kaesong)
Kaesong (Gaeseong) is a city in North Hwanghae Province, southern North Korea (DPRK), a former Directly Governed City, and the capital of Korea during the Koryo Dynasty. The city is near Kaesong Industrial Region and it contains the remains of the Manwoldae palace. When Yi Songgye overthrew the Koryo Dynasty in 1392 and established the Choson Dynasty, he moved the Korean capital from Kaesong to Hanyang (modern-day Seoul). Kaesong remained a part of Kyonggi Province until the Korean War. In 1951, the city (which had been part of South Korea) came under North Korean control, and the part of Kyonggi Province that came to be occupied was organized into "Kaesong Region" (Kaesong Chigu; ?? ??; ?? ??). In 1955, Kaesong became a "Directly Governed City" (Kaesong Chikhalsi; ?? ???; ?? ???). In 2002, Kaesong Industrial Region was formed from part of Kaesong. In 2003, the remaining part of Kaesong (excluding the Industrial Region) became part of North Hwanghae Province.[citation needed] The city is close to the Demilitarized Zone that divides North and South Korea. When Korea was partitioned at the 38th parallel after World War Two, Kaesong was on the southern side of the line (within the Republic of Korea). Thus Kaesong is the only city to change control after the Korean War. Before 2002, Kaesong Directly Governed City was divided into one city (Kaesong itself) and three counties.
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