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( CCL2)
For the ICAO airport code see Candle Lake Airpark, for the diradical compound see Dichlorocarbene. It is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is under the control of nuclear factor ?B (NF?B). In human osteoclasts, it has been shown that CCL2 and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) are unregulated by RANKL (receptor activator of NF?B ligand).[citation needed] Both MCP-1 and RANTES were also shown to induce the formation of TRAP-positive, multinuclear cells from M-CSF-treated monocytes in the absence of RANKL, but produced osteoclasts that lacked cathepsin K expression and resorptive capacity. It is proposed that CCL2 and RANTES act as autocrine loop in human osteoclast differentiation. CCL2 causes the degranulation of basophils and mast cells, an effect potentiated by pre-treatment with IL-3 and other cytokines.[7][8] name="Further_reading" id="Further_reading">
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