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( British Malaya)
British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century. Before the formation of Malayan Union in 1946, the colonies were not placed under a single unified administration. Instead, British Malaya composed of the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States. Malaya was one of the most profitable British protectorates, being the world's largest producer of tin and later rubber. Malayan Union was dissolved and replaced with Federation of Malaya in 1948. It became independent on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, the federation, along with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore formed a larger federation called Malaysia. The British first became involved with Malay politics when it tried to set up trading posts in Penang, formerly a part of Kedah, in 1771, and in Singapore in 1819. In the mid-18th century, British firms could be found trading in the Malay Peninsula. In April 1771, Jourdain, Sulivan and de Souza, a British firm based in Madras, India sent Francis Light to meet the Sultan of Kedah, Muhammad Jiwa Shah, to open up the state's market for trading. Light was also a captain within the British East India Company.
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