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( Borders of Israel)
The borders of Israel are based on those which were established by the British Mandate of 1922, which were in turn previously agreed by the victorious powers with an interest in the area, namely the United Kingdom and France, in the aftermath of World War I. The borders of Israel with Egypt and with Jordan have now been formalised as part of the peace treaties with those countries, and with Lebanon as part of the 1949 Armistice Agreement. The border with Syria is still not settled. The border between Israel and the Palestinian territories is also still to be negotiated. The Sykes-Picot agreement of 1916 divided the Middle East between British and French spheres of influence. "Palestine" was designated as an "international enclave".[1] This agreement was revised by Britain and France in 1919. It was agreed that Palestine and the Vilayet of Mosul in modern-day Iraq would be part of the British sphere in exchange for British support of French influence in Syria and Lebanon.[2] According to historian Ilan Pappe, "The borders of mandatory Palestine, first drawn up in the Sykes-Picot Agreement, were given their definitive shape during lengthy and tedious negotiations by British and French officials between 1919 and 1922...In October 1919 the British envisaged the area that is today southern Lebanon and most of southern Syria as being part of British mandatory Palestine...In the East, matters were more complicated...[Transjordan] was part of the Ottoman province of Damascus which in the Sykes-Picot agreement had been allocated to the French."[3] At the San Remo Conference (19–26 April 1920) the Allied Supreme Council granted the mandates for Palestine and Mesopotamia to Britain without precisely defining the boundaries of the mandated territories.[4][5] Although the land east of the Jordan had been part of the Syrian administrative unit under the Ottomans, it was excluded from the French Mandate at the San Remo conference, "on the grounds that it was part of Palestine."[6]
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