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( Biology) Biology (from Greek ß??????a - ß???, bios, "life"; and ?????, logos, "study"), is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment. Biology deals with every aspect of life in a living organism. Biology examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living things. It classifies and describes organisms, their functions, how species come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with the natural environment. Four unifying principles form the foundation of modern biology cell theory, evolution, genetics and homeostasis.

Biology as a separate science was developed in the nineteenth century as scientists discovered that organisms shared fundamental characteristics. Biology is now a standard subject of instruction at schools and universities around the world, and over a million papers are published annually in a wide array of biology and medicine journals.^[1]

Most biological sciences are specialized disciplines. Traditionally, they are grouped by the type of organism being studied botany, the study of plants; zoology, the study of animals; and microbiology, the study of microorganisms. The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms and their environment interrelate.

There are five unifying principles of biology ^[2]

Biology Subcategories Biology Articles Creatine synthesis and transport during rat embryogenesis: Spatiotemporal expression of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 Background: Creatine (Cr) is synthesized by a two-step mechanism involving arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT), and is taken up by cells through a specific Cr transporter, CT1. Recently, genetic d... Lactoferrin and free secretory component of human milk inhibit the adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells Lactoferrin and free secretory component of human milk inhibit the adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HeLa cells Andréa Nascimento de Araújo and Loreny Gimenes Giugliano Laboratório de Microbiologi... The role of Serine Proteases and Serine Protease Inhibitors in the migration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone neurons The role of Serine Proteases and Serine Protease Inhibitors in the migration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone neurons Paola T Drapkin1 , Denis Monard2 and Ann-Judith Silverman3 1Uni... Hedgehog can drive terminal differentiation of amniote slow skeletal muscle Hedgehog can drive terminal differentiation of amniote slow skeletal muscle Xiaopeng Li* 1 , Christopher S Blagden* 1, 2 , Heidi Bildsoe* 1 , Marie Ange Bonnin Induction of chondro-, osteo- and adipogenesis in embryonic stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2: Effect of cofactors on differentiating lineage Induction of chondro-, osteo- and adipogenesis in embryonic stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2: Effect of cofactors on differentiating lineages Nicole I zur Nieden1, 2, 3 , Grazyna Kempka1 Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alte Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alter connexin 43 phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1 Cells Lance E Wyatt4 , Chi Y Chung4 , Brian Carlsen4 , Akiko Iida-Kle... Non-enzymatic glycosylation of a type I collagen matrix: effects on osteoblastic development and oxidative stress Non-enzymatic glycosylation of a type I collagen matrix: effects on osteoblastic development and oxidative stress Antonio D McCarthy , Susana B Etcheverry , Liliana Bruzzone , Gabriela Lettieri , Daniel A Barrio and Ana M Cortizo ... A regulator of G Protein signaling, RGS3, inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion A regulator of G Protein signaling, RGS3, inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion Jimmy D Neill1 , L Wayne Duck1 , Jeffrey C Sellers1 , Lois C Musgrove<... A novel link between the proteasome pathway and the signal transduction pathway of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) A novel link between the proteasome pathway and the signal transduction pathway of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) Yin Lin4 , Jennifer Martin1 , Cornelia Gruendler1 , Jennifer Farley1 , X... The F-box protein SKP2 mediates androgen control of p27 stability in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells The F-box protein SKP2 mediates androgen control of p27 stability in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells Lifang Lu , Holger Schulz and Dieter A Wolf Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA...