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( Basic oxygen steelmaking)
Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOF, Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren, LD-converter) is a method of steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten iron is made into steel. The process is an improvement over the historically important Bessemer process. The LD-converter is named after the Austrian placenames Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben). By blowing oxygen through molten pig iron, the carbon content of the alloy is lowered and changes the material into low-carbon steel. A typical BOS vessel holds about 280 tonnes of steel. The vessel is lined with heat-resistant refractory bricks that can withstand the high temperature of molten metal. The basic oxygen steel-making process is as follows
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