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( Averroes)
Abu 'l-Walid Mu?ammad ibn A?mad ibn Rushd (Arabic ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????), better known just as Ibn Rushd (Arabic ??? ????), and in European literature as Averroes (pronounced /?'v?ro?.i?z/) (1126 – December 10, 1198), was an Andalusian Muslim polymath; a master of Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics and celestial mechanics. He was born in Córdoba, Al Andalus, modern day Spain, and died in Marrakesh, modern day Morocco. His school of philosophy is known as Averroism. He has been described by some[2] as the founding father of secular thought in Western Europe and "one of the spiritual fathers of Europe,"[3] although other scholars oppose such claims.[4][5] His name is also seen as Averroës, Averroès or Averrhoës, indicating that the "o" and the "e" form separate syllables. Averroes is a Latinate distortion of the actual Arab name Ibn Rushd.[6] According to Ernest Renan, he was also called as Ibin-Ros-din, Filius Rosadis, Ibn-Rusid, Ben-Raxid, Ibn-Ruschod, Den-Resched, Aben-Rassad, Aben-Rois, Aben-Rasd, Aben- Rust, Avenrosdy Avenryz, Adveroys, Benroist, Avenroyth, Averroysta, etc. "Averroès et l'Averroïsme&_160; essai historique"[1] Ibn Rushd came from a family of Islamic legal scholars; his grandfather Abu Al-Walid Muhammad (d. 1126) was chief judge of Qurtabah (Córdoba) under the Almoravid dynasty. His father, Abu Al-Qasim Ahmad, held the same position until the coming of the Almohad dynasty in 1146.[7]
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