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( Atmosphere (unit))
The standard atmosphere is an international reference pressure defined as 101,325 Pa and formerly used as unit of pressure (symbol atm).[1] For practical purposes it has been replaced by the bar which is 100,000 Pa.[1] The difference of about 1% is not significant for many applications, and is within the error range of common pressure gauges. In 1954 the 10th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) adopted standard atmosphere for general use and affirmed its definition of being precisely equal to 1,013,250 dynes per square centimeter (101,325&_160;Pa).[2] This value was intended to represent the mean atmospheric pressure at mean sea level at the latitude of Paris, France, and as a practical matter, truly reflects the mean sea level pressure for many of the industrialized nations (those with latitudes similar to Paris). In chemistry, the original definition of “Standard Temperature and Pressure” (STP) was a reference temperature of 0&_160;°C (273.15&_160;K) and pressure of 101.325&_160;kPa (1 atm). However, in 1982, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommended that for the purposes of specifying the physical properties of substances, “the standard pressure” should be defined as precisely 100&_160;kPa (exactly 1 bar).[3] In the United Kingdom, scuba divers and others often use the word atmosphere loosely (the correct term is "ambient pressure") to mean 1 bar.
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